Land: Land embraces not only the surface but everything attached to it. Whether attached by the course of nature or by the hand of men.Land includes everything on the ground like buildings, crops, fences, trees or water, above the ground like air and space and everything under the ground down to the center of the earth like mineral resources. On one hand the resource land is particular valuable because it cannot be increased. On the other hand it is basis for general development (housing, cultivation, infrastructure, etc.) and production.
Land Administration: “Land administration can be described as a process of recording and managing transactions and mutations in land information to secure ownership, use, value and development of land.Within this process land rights and other attributes are determined, surveyed, described and documented. In addition, relevant information is provided for supporting land markets.” Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (2017): Glossary. External link: http://www.fao.org/in-action/herramienta-administracion-tierras/glossary/l/en/)
Land Compensation: Land compensation is a fundamental right in a land tenure system. If the government for example wants to build a road on the land of somebody, it can/should do compensation in money or land.
Land Governance: Land Governance includes all relevant institutions and actors from the state, civil society and private sector. Governance is the exercise of political, economic and administrative authority to manage a nation`s affairs. Land governance refers therefore to the institutions which can decide on land ownership, land control, land value and land development, the mechanisms of access to land, the role citizens can play in deciding on any land related issues and the way government can be held accountable for land related matters.
We can differ between good and bad land governance. While good governance stands for e.g. access to justice, fair compensation, tenure security and fair distribution of land; bad governance stands e.g. for absence of rule of law, forced eviction, tenure insecurity and skew distribution of land.
Land intervention: Land intervention is a deliberate change in land matters, including a change of rights, structures, economic relations, social context, perceptions and behavior.
Land Management: Land management is a very complex and interdisciplinary concept that is strongly linked to the country context. In other words, land management structures and opportunities differ widely between countries and regions throughout the world, reflecting local cultural and judicial settings. Land management includes and also is influenced by the regional
- land policy (legal regulatory framework, land markets and taxation, planning instruments, responsibilities…)
- land information and infrastructure (cadastral and topographic data, geospatial data infrastructure, regional development plans…)
- land administration (securing and transferring of land, valuation and taxation, planning and control of land use, implementation of infrastructure, management of land rights, restrictions and responsibilities…)
Land Politicking: Land politicking refers to the day-to-day practice of politicians and decision makers. It includes the engagement in political discussion, the mobilization of people behind a certain idea or plan and the nudging and advocating of a particular goal.
Land Politics: Land politics is a consultative and advocacy process of converting a particular ideology about land matters into practice. It is based on ideologies (conceptual frame of what is considered right or wrong/good or bad).There can be two types of ideologies distinguished in land policy with different key principals: the Socialist Ideology and the (Neo-)Liberalist Ideology.
Land Registration: Land registration is the set of administrative activities of recording rights to land (parcels/plots), buildings or parts of buildings. This helps to document and ensure rights to land/buildings; to provide evidence of transactions/changes in rights; to provide security of tenure to legal or legitimate right holders to land; to enable third parties to see who has what right in which location; to overcome uncertainty about right holders at a given location. There are two types of land registration systems, the deeds registration system and the title registration system.
Land Taxation: Land taxation is a financial charge or other levy imposed upon a taxpayer by a state to fund various public expenditures. In many countries it is usual to raise a tax on property, on land transfer or on inheritance.
Land Tenure: Land tenure is a generic concept used to explain how people approach and think about land. It includes any arrangement with land that humans are capable of creating. Land tenure is the way in which people or groups of people `hold` land. A land tenure system is described by legal relation (laws, regulations, written codes) and/or by legitimate relation (unwritten and/or customary law). When land tenure is officially recognized through legal relations, we often talk about land ownership.
Land Tenure Security: “Security of tenure is the certainty that a person’s rights to land will be recognized by others and protected in cases of specific challenges.” FAO (2002): Land tenure and rural development. External link: http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/y4307e/y4307e05.htm)
Land Use: Land use is the way in which land and/or property is functionally used. There can be different limitations that have effect on land use possibilities like formal or communal restrictions or the generic quality (e.g. soil quality, size and shape or climate) of a parcel.
Land Value: Land is needed for a lot of basic activities: housing, working, farming, leisure etc. Thus, and due to the facts that land is an immovable and limited resource lead to a certain value that each parcel of land has. The land value is influenced by several factors like location, size and form of the parcel, permitted use, rights and burdens related with the parcel…
Triangle of Sustainability: Sustainable land management has the aim of balanced economical, ecological and social development needs of land. Sustainable land management can only be reached if land improvement goals are not treated isolated and all regional stakeholder interests are taken into account. Here we talk about the triangle of sustainability.
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