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Syllabus

PV4x Solar Energy Engineering: Photovoltaics in Microgrids

Index

1. Introduction
1.1 Course overview
1.2. Learning objectives
1.3. What we expect from you
1.4. What you can expect from us/the course team
2. Course structure
3. ID Verified
4. Assessment & deadlines
5. Resources & Tools


1. Introduction

Photovoltaic systems are often placed into a microgrid, a local electricity distribution system that is controlled and includes both electricity users and renewable electricity generation. This course deals with DC and AC microgrids and covers many topics, from basic definitions, through modelling and control of AC and DC microgrids to the application of adaptive protection in microgrids. You will master various concepts related to microgrid technology and implementation, such as smart grid and virtual power plant, types of distribution networks, markets, control strategies, and components. Among the components, special attention is given to the operation and control of power electronics interfaces.

You will familiarize yourself with the advantages and challenges of DC microgrids, which are still in an early stage. You will have the opportunity to master the topic of microgrids by evaluating selected pilot sites where microgrids were deployed. 

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1.1. Course overview

This course is part of the Solar Energy Engineering MicroMasters Program designed to cover all physics and engineering aspects of photovoltaics: photovoltaic energy conversion, technologies, and systems. Even though this course can be completed as a stand-alone course, you can benefit from taking PV1x, PV2x, and especially PV3x prior to taking this course.

This course PV4x: Photovoltaics in Microgrids, is one of the five courses in the MicroMasters Solar Energy Engineering. This flexible, self-paced course is designed to be completed within ten weeks if you devote around 10 hours per week to the course. The course should be finished on March 14 2023. We have therefore set a weekly structure to guide you. The level of the course is graduate level, and the course is in English. 

To enjoy the extra support offered during the course, and be able to obtain a certificate at the end, you can upgrade to the verified learner experience. More information can be found in the verified learner experience section of the syllabus. A Solar Energy Engineering MicroMasters Program Leaflet is also available

1.2. Learning objectives

By the end of this course, you will be able to:

  • Differentiate between a microgrid and a virtual power plant, as well as active and passive distribution networks
  • List various ancillary services provided by PV units within microgrids
  • Apply active power control and voltage regulation operation to control multiple inverters, including PV units, and simulate local control to improve stability and power quality.
  • Understand the operation of centralized, distributed, and decentralized control, considering their communication and standards implications, as well as forecasting in microgrids
  • Differentiate AC, DC, and hybrid layouts and topologies of microgrids and power electronic components and the role of power electronics converters in microgrids.
  • Differentiate various protection strategies in microgrids and determine the proper implementation of adaptive protection and the consequences of using a fault current source or a fault current limitation.
  • Understand the main motivations and challenges for the implementation of DC microgrids.

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1.3. What we expect from you

As an online student, we expect you to be an active participant in this course, contributing to a positive atmosphere by questioning, sharing, and helping out others and engaging in meaningful discussions where knowledge construction is revealed. We encourage people to post their questions or discussions related to lectures, questions, and assignments in the specific discussions you'll find each week.

Please be aware that following the discussion guidelines and respecting the course policies and academic integrity is extremely important. When participating in the discussion, please take into account our guidelines. Our Guidelines are broken down into the following parts:

Discussion Forum Guidelines
Collaboration Guidelines
Review Honor Code

Regarding deadlines, we expect you to keep on track to benefit from learning within a community. This course is meant to be where you learn with and from others. In this sense, we'd like you to experience collaboration and peer feedback, so please follow up with other participants to enrich the learning experience.

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1.4. What you can expect from us/the course team

The e-Moderator and Lecturers will guide you throughout the course, launching the weekly content, promoting, and engaging in discussions. Guidance and support will happen regularly, mainly every day.

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2. Course structure

The course is organized into five parts, divided over eight weeks of content. A summary of each week is presented below.

Introduction and Extras

In the Introduction and Extras section, you’ll learn the course structure and meet your fellow students and the e-moderator. This section introduces extra features, such as the challenges, live webinars, and useful resources.

:: Part 1. Definition, Components and Layouts::

Week 1. Definition of Microgrids

  1.1 Introduction to Microgrids
  1.2 Definition of a Microgrid    
  1.3 Basic Concepts

Week 2. Components & Microgrid Layouts

  2.1 Components in Distribution and Transmission
  2.2 Energy Storage Technologies
  2.3 Optimal PV & Wind Sizing
  2.4 Microgrid layouts

:: Part 2. Power Electronic Interfaces::

Week 3. Power Electronic Interfaces in Microgrids

 3.1 Power Converters
  3.2 DC Electronic Transformer
  3.3 PEI's for Various Components

Exam 1 (verified learners)

:: Part 3. Control::

Week 4. Intelligent Local Controllers

  4.1 Traditional Frequency Control
  4.2 Local Control in Microgrids

Week 5. Control in Microgrids

  5.1 Microgrid Control
  5.2 Centralized Control
  5.3 Decentralized Control
  5.4 Ancillary Services

:: Part 4. DC Microgrids::

Week 6. DC Microgrids 

  6.1 DC Technology & Standards
  6.2 DC & Hybrid Layouts

Exam 2 (verified learners)

:: Part 5. Protection, Examples and Demos::

Week 7. Protection 

  7.1 Protection Devices and Criteria
  7.2 Protection Methods and Grounding
  7.3 Faults in Microgrids

Week 8. Faults 

  8.1 Examples of Microgrid Protection
  8.2 Demonstration sites

Exam 3 (verified learners)

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3. ID verified

All the video content in this course, as well as several ungraded practice assignments,  are available for free.  By upgrading to the verified learner experience, you will get access to the following:

  •     ALL exercises: the practice and graded assignments and the exams
  •     The PV4x verified certificate if you complete the course
  •     access to the archived course after the end date.


Do you need financial assistance? EdX offers up to a 90% discount on our verified certificates to learners who cannot afford to pay full price. Check the edX support page for financial assistance.

If you're interested in a certificate, you need to obtain a minimum overall grade of 60%. These certificates indicate you have completed the course but will not include a specific grade. Certificates will be issued by edX under the name of DelftX, designating the institution from which the course originated.

Generating an ID-verified certificate

To qualify for a certificate, you must achieve a total grade of 60% or higher (for more information, please read 4. Assessment & Deadlines). An ID-verified Certificate of Achievement is available for $250. You can Upgrade your edX Dashboard to Verified during the course.

This PV4x course offers on-demand certificates, allowing you to generate your certificate as soon as you qualify. Certificates can be downloaded from your Student Dashboard (look for the Download button next to the name of our course). For more information on downloading your on-demand certificate, go to the corresponding page of the edX learner's guide

Once produced, a certificate cannot be reissued; hence you must verify how your name appears. Check that, in your edx.org account; your name is correctly spelt since it will appear on the final certificate.

MicroMasters Program Details

PV4x Photovoltaic Systems is part of the Solar Energy Engineering MicroMasters program.  You can obtain a verified certificate for PV4x by achieving an overall score of 60% or higher. You can earn the MicroMasters credential by completing and successfully earning a Verified Certificate in all four courses, plus the PV5x Solar Energy Engineering Comprehensive exam.

If you successfully earn the MicroMasters Credential and decide to apply to the Master of Science program Sustainable Energy Technology (SET) or the Master of Science program Electrical Engineering (track: Electrical Power Engineering) at TU Delft, you will need to go through the regular admission procedures for MSc students and meet the entry requirements for those MSc programs.

If you are admitted and would like to be exempted from courses in the aforementioned MSc programs, you must send a formal waiver request. Campus courses that can be waived (up to 16-18 credits) are equivalent to the solar energy courses of the MSc program in question.

More information can be found at the online learning website of the Delft University of Technology.

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4. ASSESSMENT & DEADLINES

In order to successfully complete the course, you need to score 60% or more in the final grade. All assignments count towards the final grade. The exact weight of the different assignments is as follows:

  • Weekly Exercises 30%
  • Microgrid Control Assignments 10%
  • Three exams: 60%

The course ends March 14, 2023, at 12:00 UTC. All Exercises and the Exam resit are due on this date.

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5. Resources & Tools

You will find plenty of instructional videos each week. These videos (available in 360p, 720p or 1080p), including the subtitles, the transcripts, and the slides used, can be downloaded through the links below the videos.

In addition to the resources, the following book can be referred to for further improving the knowledge on the subject:

Microgrids: Architectures and Control, Nikos Hatziargyriou (Editor), ISBN: 978-1-118-72068-4, Mar 2014, Wiley-IEEE Press

This course also uses the book "Solar Energy, the physics and engineering of photovoltaic conversion technologies and systems" written by the TU Delft staff from the Photovoltaic Material and Devices (PVMD) department and published at UIT Cambridge. We are happy to announce that the e-book is free in online bookstores. You can also order a hard copy at online retailers for typical prices ranging from $25 to $32.

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LICENSE

The course materials of this course are copyrighted by the Copyright Delft University of Technology and are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 Unported License.

If you choose to reuse or repost DelftX course materials, you must give proper attribution to the original TU Delft faculty author(s). Please utilize the following citation "This material was created by or adapted from material posted on the Delftx website, delftx.tudelft.nl, and created by TU Delft faculty member (Name), (Title), (Year). DelftX is not responsible for any changes made to the original materials posted on its website, and any such changes are the sole responsibility of [name of user/adapter]."

You must also include a copy of the Creative Commons license used by DelftX, with every copy of the TU Delft materials or the derivative work you create from it. 

Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License