Verified Certificate

Supported by the following organizations

This is to certify that Frederico Annes Armando successfully completed and received a passing grade in SW12.6x: Modern China’s Foundations: The Manchus and the Qing a course of study offered by HarvardX, an online learning initiative of Harvard University.

Noted by

Peter K. Bol

Peter K. Bol

Vice Provost for Advances in Learning, Harvard University Charles H. Carswell Professor East Asian Languages and Civilizations Harvard University

William C. Kirby

William C. Kirby

T. M. Chang Professor of China Studies, Harvard University Spangler Family Professor of Business Administration Harvard Business School

About edX

edX offers interactive online classes and MOOCs from the world’s best universities, including MIT, Harvard, Berkeley, University of Texas, and many others. edX is a mission driven initiative created by founding partners Harvard and MIT.

About edX Verified Certificates

An edX Verified Certificate signifies that the learner has agreed to abide by the edX honor code and completed all of the required tasks of this course under its guidelines, as well as having their photo ID checked to verify their identity.