Verified Certificate

Supported by the following organizations

This is to certify that Michael James Edmund Laughlin successfully completed and received a passing grade in HIST1.2x: The Civil War and Reconstruction- 1861- 1865: A New Birth of Freedom a course of study offered by ColumbiaX, an online learning initiative of Columbia University.

Noted by

Eric Foner

Eric Foner

DeWitt Clinton Professor of History Columbia University

About edX

edX offers interactive online classes and MOOCs from the world’s best universities, including MIT, Harvard, Berkeley, University of Texas, and many others. edX is a mission driven initiative created by founding partners Harvard and MIT.

About edX Verified Certificates

An edX Verified Certificate signifies that the learner has agreed to abide by the edX honor code and completed all of the required tasks of this course under its guidelines, as well as having their photo ID checked to verify their identity.